Naturalization — Become a German Citizen

Status: March 2026. All information without warranty.

Requirements (since 2024/2025 Reform)

1. 5 years of lawful residence in Germany (previously 8; fast-track 3-year option was discontinued in 2025)
2. Unlimited right of residence or EU Blue Card
3. Livelihood secured independently (no welfare benefits — exceptions for those over 67 and involuntary unemployment)
4. German language skills B1 (certificate or German school diploma)
5. Naturalization test passed (or German school diploma)
6. No criminal convictions (fines up to 90 daily rates or suspended sentence up to 3 months are disregarded)
7. Commitment to the Basic Law and the free democratic order

Dual Citizenship

Since June 2024, multiple nationalities are generally permitted: You no longer have to give up your previous citizenship!

Naturalization Test

• 33 questions from a catalog of 310 questions (+ 10 state-specific)
• 17 correct answers = pass
• Topics: German politics, history, society, fundamental rights
• Cost: €25
• Preparation: Free online test trainer at einbuergerungstest.bund.de
• With a German school diploma, the test is waived

Process

1. Advisory meeting at the naturalization office (book appointment)
2. Submit application with all documents
3. Take the naturalization test (if required)
4. Processing by the office (duration: 3–18 months, depending on city!)
5. Receive naturalization certificate and take the oath

Costs

• Adults: €255
• Children (with parents): €51
• Naturalization test: €25
• Fee reduction possible for low income

Required Documents

• Valid passport
• Residence permit
• Birth certificate (with official translation)
• Registration certificate
• Income proof (salary statements, tax return)
• B1 language certificate (or school diploma)
• Naturalization test result
• If applicable: marriage certificate, divorce decree

Benefits of German Citizenship

• Voting rights at all levels (municipality, state, federal, EU)
• EU freedom of movement — live and work in all 27 EU countries
• Travel freedom — German passport ranks among the strongest worldwide
• No residence permit required
• Protection from deportation

Tips

• Waiting times at naturalization offices are long — apply early
• Obtain B1 language certificate beforehand — it speeds up the process
• Practice the naturalization test online — questions are publicly available